Comprehensive Species Schema version 1.1 This document is an easy-to-read (html) representation of the NatureServe Comprehensive Species Schema version 1.1. This schema relates to the output of the Global Comprehensive Species Service, version 1.1, where the root element of the response is 'globalSpeciesList'. Final 1.1 NatureServe 2008-09-16 Altered to reflect new service version 1.1. All elements and attributes now covered. All xpaths verified. Document at Final version 1.0. Incorporated distribution details into Nation and Subnation elements. Modified submission date. Changed natureServeExplorerComprehensiveReportUri from attribute to Element and renamed to natureServeExplorerURI Flattened structure of formal taxonomy and removed the name attribute Moved genusSize out of genus element so that genus could be a simple type Added optional nomenclaturalAuthor element to nameUsedInConceptReference Modified rangeMap to rangeMapURI; changed compilers to rangeMapCompilers and changed from being an attribute to element Changed leaf node watershedDistributionMap to watershedDistributionMapURI Modified single-author structures in ecologyAndLifeHistory and viability sections to allow for future extensions (to multi-authors) Added "Criteria" qualifier word to viability criteria elements: excellentViabilityCriteria, goodViabilityCriteria, fairViabilityCriteria, and poorViabilityCriteria Modified References structure to nest citation elements (rather than "reference" elements) Changed namespace to include version. Now : http://services.natureserve.org/docs/schemas/biodiversityDataFlow/ Changed to make use of global elements. Renamed element NatureServePrimaryGlobalCommonName to natureServePrimaryGlobalCommonName For element conservationStatusAuthors, renamed child element editionDate to statusFactorsEditionDate and authors to conservationStatusAuthors. For element watershed, renamed element name to watershedName and code to watershedCode. For element managementSummary, renamed element authors to managementSummaryAuthors. For element ecologyAndLifeHistory, renamed element description to ecologyAndLifeHistoryDescription and editionDate to ecologyAndLifeHistoryEditionDate. For element populationOccurrence, renamed element notes to viabilityNotes. Renamed element immediacity to immediacy (typo) Removed Native, Exotic, and Extirpated flags per discussion with Sciences. More detailed distribution data will be included in 1.0 release. Added "classificationStatus." Renamed attribute "useClassName" to "migratoryUseType". Renamed element "otherRelatedNames" to "synonymns", the "scientificName" element that was a child of "otherRelatedNames" to "synonymName", the type "otherRelatedNamesType" to "synonymsType", and type "otherRelatedNameType" to "synonymnType". Added the "license" element as a child of "globalSpecies". Renamed all elements named "comment" to "comments". Updated elements with children to not be required if they would be empty and correspondingly made at least one child element required. Exceptions are cases where sometimes none of the child elements have data. Eventually we need to update the schema to enforce that at least one of any of the children should be required. Renamed element "fragility" to "intrinsicVulnerability". Renamed element "scientificTaxonomy" to "formalTaxonomy". Renamed element "globalCommonName to "NatureServePrimaryGlobalCommonName". Renamed element "otherCommonNames" to "otherGlobalCommonNames". Added documentation for the "otherGlobalCommonNames" element (Spanish Common Names and Portuguese Common Names). Added the "parsedName" element as a child of the "scientificName" element. Added the "generalGlobalStatusComments" element as a child of "conservationStatus". Added "criteriaMet", "rationale", and "assessors" elements as children of the "status" element which is a child of the "otherStatuses" element. Changed the value of the "name" attribute in the "status" element in the "otherStatuses" element that specifies the "IUCN Red List Caterory" from "IUCN Conservation Status" to "IUCN Red List Category". Added the "USAndCanadianDistributionComplete" attribute to the "distribution" element. Added "maximumLastObservedYear" and "speciesOccurrenceCount" elements as children of both the "county" and "watershed" elements. Updated schema elements that are populated from domain tables or that we have had requests for "user-friendly" versions of codes to contain both "code" and "description" elements, where the "description" is the user-friendly version of the "code". removed all references to element and replaced with relevant "species" language Would you find it unappealing to distribute or accept data in this format? If so, why? Is the schema reasonably free of NatureServe/Heritage-dependent terms? If not, where can it be improved? Which data elements do you find confusing or redundant? Which data types represented in the schema that should not be released freely without restriction or cost? Which additional species-related data would you like to see included? Which definitions in the user friendly documentation did you find confusing or incorrect? What additional documentation would you like to see? Are the schema tags organized in a way that makes sense? What portions of the XML Schema did you find confusing? How can the type system in the XML Schema be improved? What existing XML standards (or XML Schemas) should be taken into consideration before the final release of this schema? Are there any technical problems with this schema that make it unappealing? If so, what are they? If an optional attribute or element is not present in an instance document, that means that either the data is not being released, or the value is unknown. For schema elements that contain both "code" and "description" elements, the "description" value is a user-friendly version of the "code" value. For schema elements that contain a "searchValue" element in addition to a "code" and "description" value, the "searchValue" value is to help searching codes that describe a range. For example, a "searchValue" of "ABC" corresponds to a code value of "AC". For schema elements who's values can be represent as either a code or as descriptive text both will be provided as sub-tags under the parent element. For example the "globalProtection" status of a species is represent as follows: <globalProtection><code>A</code><description>No occurrences appropriately protected and managed</description></globalProtection> ]]> Data Element Description Notes (Attributes preceded by "@" character)]]> Global Species List Contains the entire list of results, consisting of 'globalSpecies' elements. /globalSpeciesList Schema Version Attribute of the root element containing the schema version number for this document. E.g. "1.0" /globalSpeciesList|@schemaVersion Global Species Contains the results for one species from the global perspective. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies Unique Identifier The primary unique system generated identifier used in NatureServe's Biotics 4.0 system. The UID attribute is the unique identifier for the global species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|@uid Species Code Optional unique identifier for a species previously used in the Biological and Conservation Data system (BCD). This code is no longer the primary unique identifier in the Biotics 4.0 system. No record is kept of past use of species codes. The speciesCode attribute is the old ELCODE from BCD, is not guaranteed to be unique, and will eventually be phased out. Not every species will have a species code. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|@speciesCode NatureServe Explorer Comprehensive Report URI URI to the full comprehensive report for this species on NatureServe Explorer. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|natureServeExplorerReportURI Classification Container for the various species classification data - names and taxonomy. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification Names Container for the various names applicable to the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names Scientific Name Optional container for the various scientific names applicable to the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName Scientific Name (Unformatted)
For more information see Classification Sources.]]> BiologicalSystematicName in the EDSC Biological Taxonomy Data Standard, Version 2
and to ScientificName in the Darwin Core schema]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|unformattedName Scientific Name (Formatted) The same content as "Scientific Name (Unformatted)" with HTML markup in the description to allow the name to appear formatted in a web browser. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|formattedName Nomenclatural Author Optional - Animals: The authority who published the original description for a particular scientific name and the year of the author's publication. Plants: The name(s) or conventional abbreviation(s) of the author(s) of the scientific name. Authors of plant names not edited for standardized abbreviations. ScientificNameAuthor in the Darwin Core schema]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|nomenclaturalAuthor Concept Reference
Since the circumscription of many taxa or communities may be described in the same reference, in order to uniquely identify the species, the scientific name assigned to the species in the concept reference is identified in the Name Used in Concept Reference XML element. The concept reference and the name used in that concept reference are fixed; thus, they provide a constant identifier for the species, although the name in use for the species and other associated data may change.

The purpose of using both the concept reference and the scientific name used in that reference as the unique and constant identifier of the species is so that where different parties use different names for the same species, the concept reference will allow clear determination that the entities are the same. Likewise, if different parties use the same name for different species, the concept references should quickly identify the entities as different.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|conceptReference Concept Reference Code NatureServe's unique identifier for the Concept Reference. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|conceptReference|@code Concept Reference Citation (Unformatted) Optional citation for the reference that describes the circumscription of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|conceptReference|citation Concept Reference Citation (Formatted) Optional - The same content as "Concept Reference Citation (Unformatted)" except that there may be HTML markup in the description to allow the name to appear formatted in a web browser. For NatureServe web services, references are not always formatted. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|conceptReference|formattedFullCitation Name Used in Concept Reference Optional container for the name applied to this species in the concept reference. The concept reference together with the name used in that reference serves as a unique identifier for the species, especially in cases where a single concept reference describes the circumscription of more than one species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|conceptReference|nameUsedInConceptReference Name Used in Concept Reference (Unformatted) The name applied to this species in the concept reference. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|conceptReference|nameUsedInConceptReference|unformattedName Name Used in Concept Reference (Formatted) The same content as "Name Used in Concept Reference (Unformatted)" with HTML markup in the description to allow the name to appear formatted in a web browser. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|conceptReference|nameUsedInConceptReference|formattedName Classification Status This is used to indicate whether the concept has been formally recognized, described, and accepted by the standard classification as determined by NatureServe Central Sciences.
Standard - the concept has been formally recognized, described, and accepted by NatureServe Central Sciences.

Nonstandard - the concept has been addressed but not accepted by NatureServe Central Sciences.

Provisional- the concept has not yet been formally addressed and accommodated (by acceptance or rejection ) by NatureServe Central Sciences]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|conceptReference|classificationStatus Scientific Name (Parsed) This is a placeholder element for future development and is optional. Any content should be ignored. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|scientificName|parsedName NatureServe Primary Global Common Name The common name of a species adopted for use by NatureServe. Common names have not been tracked for all plants. Names for other groups may be incomplete. Many species have several common names. Spellings of plant common names follow no standard conventions and are not systematically edited.
Maps to BiologicalVernacularName in the EDSC Biological Taxonomy Data Standard, Version 2]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|natureServePrimaryGlobalCommonName Other Global Common Names Optional container for 'other' (usually non-English) global common names accepted by NatureServe for the species.
Spanish = 'ES'
Portuguese = 'PT'

These are currently the only two 'other languages' supported. It will be easy to add common names in other languages.

NatureServe plans to add French Common Names in the future.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|otherGlobalCommonNames Other Global Common Name The common name in the language shown by the 'language' attribute. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|otherGlobalCommonNames|commonName Other Global Common Name Language Attribute identifying language for this common name. Currently either 'ES' (Spanish) or 'PT' (Portuguese) /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|otherGlobalCommonNames|commonName|@language Synonyms Optional container for any synonyms, especially those that programs in the NatureServe Network, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada use for species names. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|synonyms Synonym Holds the various details of one synonym. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|synonyms|synonymName Synonym (Unformatted) Synonymous name. BiologicalSynonymousName in the EDSC Biological Taxonomy Data Standard, Version 2]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|synonyms|synonymName|unformattedName Synonym (Formatted) Synonym as shown in 'Synonym (Unformatted)', with optional HTML markup, e.g. to italicize the name. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|synonyms|synonymName|formattedName Synonym (Author) Animals Author: The authority who published the original description for a particular scientific name and the year of the author's publication. Plants Author: The name(s) or conventional abbreviation(s) of the author(s) of the scientific name. Plant Authors not edited for standardized abbreviations. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|names|synonyms|synonymName|nomenclaturalAuthor Taxonomy Container holding details of the species taxonomy, both formal and informal. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy Formal Taxonomy Container holding details of the formal species taxonomy down to the generic level. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|formalTaxonomy Kingdom Taxonomic Kingdom BiologicalKingdomName in the EDSC Biological Taxonomy Data Standard, Version 2
and to Kingom in the Darwin Core schema]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|formalTaxonomy|kingdom Phylum Taxonomic Phylum BiologicalDivisionPhylumName in the EDSC Biological Taxonomy Data Standard, Version 2
and to Phylum in the Darwin Core schema]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|formalTaxonomy|phylum Class Taxonomic Class BiologicalClassName in the EDSC Biological Taxonomy Data Standard, Version 2
and to Class in the Darwin Core schema]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|formalTaxonomy|class Order Taxonomic Order BiologicalOrderName in the EDSC Biological Taxonomy Data Standard, Version 2
and to Order in the Darwin Core schema]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|formalTaxonomy|order Family Taxonomic Family BiologicalFamilyName in the EDSC Biological Taxonomy Data Standard, Version 2
and to Family in the Darwin Core schema]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|formalTaxonomy|family Genus Taxonomic Genus BiologicalGenusName in the EDSC Biological Taxonomy Data Standard, Version 2
and to Genus in the Darwin Core schema]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|formalTaxonomy|genus Taxonomy Comments Optional pertinent information regarding questions or controversies concerning the validity, taxonomic distinctness, or generic placement of the plant or animal species. May also provide information about the scientific name or its spelling. May include discussion of differing taxonomic or nomenclatural usage by different authors, agencies and organizations. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|formalTaxonomy|taxonomicComments Informal Taxonomy Container for informal taxonomic classification using common names for familiar groupings such as birds (Aves) or flowering plants (Anthophyta). Each globalSpecies has up to 4 levels of informalTaxonomyLevel*Name elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|informalTaxonomy Informal Taxonomic Level 1 Name Optional highest level of informal taxonomic name. E.g. 'Animals, Vertebrates' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|informalTaxonomy|informalTaxonomyLevel1Name Informal Taxonomic Level 2 Name Optional second highest level of informal taxonomic name. E.g. 'Birds' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|informalTaxonomy|informalTaxonomyLevel2Name Informal Taxonomic Level 3 Name Optional third highest level of informal taxonomic name. E.g. 'Raptors' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|informalTaxonomy|informalTaxonomyLevel3Name Informal Taxonomic Level 4 Name Optional lowest level of informal taxonomic name. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|classification|taxonomy|informalTaxonomy|informalTaxonomyLevel4Name Conservation Status Container for the various rankings and other information related to the species' conservation status. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus NatureServe Conservation Status Container for the various NatureServe conservation status rankings (global, national and subnational). /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus Global Status
For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus Global Status Rank
For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]>
Currently we do not have an algorithm for calculating the "description" for the global status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|rank Global Status Rank Code
For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> E.g. 'G5' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|rank|code Rounded Global Status Rank
For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> The "roundedRank" element contains both a "code" and a "description" element. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|roundedRank Rounded Global Status Rank Code
For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> E.g. 'G2G4' becomes 'G3', 'G4T1?' becomes 'T1', 'G4G5' becomes 'G4'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|roundedRank|code Rounded Global Status Rank Description Optional element holding a derived description for the global 'roundedRank'. E.g. 'Secure'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|roundedRank|description Global Status Last Reviewed
Format: YYYY-MM-DD

Example: 2005-12-16

For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|statusLastReviewed Global Status Last Changed
Format: YYYY-MM-DD

Example: 2005-12-16

For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|statusLastChanged Global Status Reasons
For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|reasons Global Status Factors Optional container for the factors used to determine the global conservation status ranking. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors Global Abundance Optional container for the factors relating to the global abundance of the species used to determine the global conservation status ranking. The "globalAbundance" element contains "code", "description" and "searchValue" elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalAbundance Global Abundance Code Optional code indicating the estimated size of the current naturally-occurring wild population.
Z = zero individuals

A = 1-50 individuals

B = 50-250 individuals

C = 250-1,000 individuals

D = 1,000-2,500 individuals

E = 2,500-10,000 individuals

F = 10,000-100,000 individuals

G = 100,000-1,000,000 individuals

H = >1,000,000 individuals

U = Unknown]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalAbundance|code Global Abundance Description Optional human readable description of the 'Global Abundance Code'. E.g. '10,000 - 100,000 individuals'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalAbundance|description Global Abundance Search Value Optional 'search value' which can be used to find species at this global abundance. E.g. 'EF'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalAbundance|searchValue Global Abundance Comments Optional comments on the estimated total population size, including information on how the value (indicated in the Global Abundance XML element) was derived, variations, and data for specific portions of the geographic range. E.g. 'Gerrard (1983) estimated that Alaska and British Columbia have approximately 48,000 bald eagles.' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalAbundance|comments Estimated Number of Occurrences Optional container for the factors related to the estimated number of occurrences used to determine the global conservation status ranking. The "estimatedNumberOfOccurrences" element contains "code", "description" and "searchValue" elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|estimatedNumberOfOccurrences Estimated Number of Occurrences Code Optional code indicating the estimated, inferred, or suspected number of extant occurrences (roughly equivalent to populations for many non-migratory species) of the species worldwide.
Z = 0 occurrences

A = 1-5 occurrences

B = 6-20 occurrences

C = 21-80 occurrences

D = 81-300 occurrences

E = >300 occurrences

U = Unknown]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|estimatedNumberOfOccurrences|code Estimated Number of Occurrences Description Optional human readable description of the 'Estimated Number of Occurrences Code'. E.g. '>300' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|estimatedNumberOfOccurrences|description Estimated Number of Occurrences Search Value Optional 'search value' which can be used to find species at this estimated number of occurrences. E.g. 'E'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|estimatedNumberOfOccurrences|searchValue Estimated Number of Occurrences Comments Optional comments on the estimated number of occurrences of the species. E.g. 'BREEDING AREA occurrences probably number over 150 in British Columbia and Alaska.' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|estimatedNumberOfOccurrences|comments Global Short Term Trend Optional container for the factors related to the short term trend used to determine the global conservation status ranking. The "globalShortTermTrend" element contains "code", "description" and "searchValue" elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalShortTermTrend Global Short Term Trend Code Optional code that best describes the observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected short-term trend in population size, extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, number of occurrences (EOs), and |or viability|ecological integrity of occurrences (whichever most significantly affects the NatureServe global conservation status). Short-term trends may be recent or current, and a trend may or may not be known to be continuing. For species, short-term trends are typically considered over a period spanning the past 10 years or 3 generations (whichever is longer up to a maximum of 100 years). In considering short-term trends, newly discovered but presumably long existing occurrences are not considered to represent an increasing trend, nor newly discovered individuals in previously little-known occurrences. Also, increases in the number of occurrences due to fragmentation of previously larger occurrences into more but smaller occurrences are not considered to represent an increasing trend, but instead fragmentation of occurrences should be considered as indicative of a decreasing area of occupancy.
A = Severely declining (decline of >70% in population size, range, area occupied, and|or number or condition of occurrences)

B = Very rapidly declining (decline of 50-70%)

C = Rapidly declining (decline of 30-50%)

D = Declining (decline of 10-30%)

E = Stable (unchanged or remaining within ±10% fluctuation)

F = Increasing (increase of >10%)

U = Unknown (short-term trend unknown)

(null) = Rank factor not assessed]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalShortTermTrend|code Global Short Term Trend Description Optional human readable description of the 'Global Short Term Trend Code'. E.g. 'Stable to increasing (+/-10% fluctuation to >10% increase)' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalShortTermTrend|description Global Short Term Trend Search Value Optional 'search value' which can be used to find species at this global short term trend. E.g. 'EF'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalShortTermTrend|searchValue Global Short Term Trend Comments Optional comments on short-term trends of a species from a range-wide perspective. E.g. 'As of early 1990s, populations in many areas had rebounded from the low levels that occurred before DDT use was banned in the U.S.' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalShortTermTrend|comments Global Long Term Trend Optional container for the factors related to the long term trend used to determine the global conservation status ranking. The "globalLongTermTrend" element contains "code", "description" and "searchValue" elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalLongTermTrend Global Long Term Trend Code Optional code that best describes at a range-wide level the observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected degree of change in population size, extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, number of occurrences (EOs), and/or viability/ecological integrity of its occurrences over the long-term (ca. the past 200 years). /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalLongTermTrend|code Global Long Term Trend Description Optional human readable description of the 'Global Long Term Trend Code'. E.g. 'Moderate decline to relatively stable (25% change to 50% decline)' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalLongTermTrend|description Global Long Term Trend Search Value Optional 'search value' which can be used to find species at this global long term trend. E.g. 'DE'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalLongTermTrend|searchValue Global Long Term Trend Comments Optional comments on long-term trends of a species from a range-wide perspective. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalLongTermTrend|comments Global Inventory Needs Optional description of the inventory work that needs to be done in order to better determine the NatureServe global conservation status rank for the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalInventoryNeeds Global Protection Optional container for the factors related to the protected status of occurrences used to determine the global conservation status ranking. The "globalProtection" element contains "code", "description" and "searchValue" elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalProtection Global Protection Code Optional code that best describes the estimated, inferred, or suspected number of species occurrences that are appropriately protected and managed for the long-term persistence of the species.
A = No occurrences appropriately protected and managed

B = Few (1-3) occurrences appropriately protected and managed

C = Several (4-12) occurrences appropriately protected and managed

D = many (13-40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed

E = very many (>40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed

U = unknown whether any occurrences appropriately protected and managed

(null) = Rank factor not accessed]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalProtection|code Global Protection Description Optional human readable description of the 'Global Protection Code'. E.g. 'Many to very many (13 to >40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed.' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalProtection|description Global Protection Search Value Optional 'search value' which can be used to find species at this level of global protection. E.g. 'DE'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalProtection|searchValue Global Protection Comments Optional comments on the number of protected and appropriately managed species occurrences, such as the level of protection and the status of management. E.g. 'Protected in the United States by the Bald Eagle Protection Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and the Endangered Species Act.' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalProtection|comments Global Protection Needs Optional summary of the highest priority protection needs for a species. E.g. 'Acquisition of breeding territories is always a priority and is necessary for further improvement.[...]' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|globalProtection|needs Global Threat Optional container for the factors related to the threats to this species used to determine the global conservation status ranking. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|threat Degree of Threat Optional container holding a code and description of the degree of threat which this species is under globally. The "degreeOfThreat" element contains both a "code" and a "description" element. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|threat|degreeOfThreat Degree of Threat Code Optional code indicating the degree to which the species is threatened globally.
A = Very threatened throughout its range communities directly exploited or their composition and structure irreversibly threatened by man-made forces, including exotic species

B = Moderately threatened throughout its range, communities provide natural resources that when exploited alter the composition and structure of the community over the long-term, but are apparently recoverable

C = Not very threatened throughout its range, communities often provide natural resources that when exploited alter the composition and structure over the short-term, or communities are self-protecting because they are unsuitable for other uses

D = Unthreatened throughout its range, communities may be threatened in minor portions of the range or degree of variation falls within natural variation

U = unknown]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|threat|degreeOfThreat|code Degree of Threat Description Optional human readable description of the 'Degree of Threat Code'. E.g. 'Localized substantial threat' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|threat|degreeOfThreat|description Threat Scope For the threat with the greatest overall impact on the species, the proportion of the species that is observed, inferred, or suspected to be directly or indirectly affected by this threat from a range-wide perspective.
Values include:

High = > 60% of total population, occurrences, or area affected

Moderate = 20-60% of total population, occurrences, or area affected

Low = 5-20% of total population, occurrences, or area affected

Insignificant = < 5% of total population, occurrences, or area affected

Unknown = Unknown (proportion of population, occurrences, or area affected is unknown)]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|threat|scope Threat Severity For the threat with the greatest overall impact on the species, how badly and irreversibly the species is observed, inferred, or suspected to be directly or indirectly affected by the threat from a range-wide perspective.
Values Include:

High = Loss of species population (all individuals) or destruction of species habitat or ecological community in area affected, with effects essentially irreversible or requiring long-term recovery (>100 years)

Moderate = Major reduction of species population or long-term degradation or reduction of species habitat or ecological community in area affected, requiring 50-100 years for recovery

Low = Low but nontrivial reduction of species population or reversible degradation or reduction of species habitat or ecological community in area affected, with recovery expected in 10-50 years

Insignificant = Essentially no reduction of species population or degradation of species habitat, ecological community or System due to threats, with ability to recover quickly (within 10 years) from minor temporary loss

Unknown = Unknown (degree of impact on population, occurrences, or area due to threat is unknown)]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|threat|severity Threat Immediacy For the threat with the greatest overall impact on the species, the imminence of the threat to the species (i.e., how likely the threat to the species is and how soon it is expected to be realized) from a range-wide perspective.
Values include:

High = Threat is operational (happening now) or imminent (within a year)

Moderate = Threat is likely to be operational within 2-5 years

Low = Threat is likely to be operational within 5-20 years

Insignificant = Threat not likely to be operational within 20 years

Unknown = Unknown (how soon the threat will likely be realized is unknown)]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|threat|immediacy Threat Comments Optional comments on known global threats to the species. E.g. 'Major threats include habitat loss, disturbance by humans, biocide contamination [...]' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|threat|comments Instrinsic Vulnerability Optional container for the factors related to the intrinsic or inherent vulnerability of the species used to determine the global conservation status ranking. The "intrinsicVulnerability" element contains "code" and "searchValue" elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|intrinsicVulnerability Instrinsic Vulnerability Code Code that indicates the observed, inferred, or suspected degree to which intrinsic or inherent factors of the species make it vulnerable or resilient to natural or anthropogenic stresses or catastrophes.
Values include:

A = Highly Vulnerable

B = Moderately Vulnerable

C = Not Intrinsically Vulnerable

U = unknown]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|intrinsicVulnerability|code Intrinsic Vulnerability Search Value Optional 'search value' which can be used to find species at this level of intrinsic vulnerability. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|intrinsicVulnerability|searchValue Intrinsic Vulnerability Comments Comments on the intrinsic vulnerability of the species. May appear twice - known issue. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|intrinsicVulnerabity|comments Environmental Specificity Optional container for the factors related to the environmental specificity or generality from a global (i.e., range-wide) perspective of the species used to determine the global conservation status ranking. The "environmentalSpecificity" element contains "code" and "searchValue" elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|environmentalSpecificity Environmental Specificity Code A code indicating the observed, inferred, or suspected environmental specificity or generality from a global (i.e., range-wide) perspective.
Values include:

A = Very Narrow

B = Narrow

C = Moderate

D = Broad

U = Unknown]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|environmentalSpecificity|code Environmental Specificity Search Value Optional 'search value' which can be used to find species at this level of environmental specificity. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|environmentalSpecificity|searchValue Environmental Specificity Comments Optional comments on the environmental specificity of the species resulting from habitat preferences or restrictions, including the factors affecting the environmental specificity value at the global level. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|environmentalSpecificity|comments Other Considerations
For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|otherConsiderations NatureServe Status Factors Edition Date
Format: YYYY-MM-DD

Example: 2005-12-16]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|statusFactorsEditionDate NatureServe Status Authors An optional, currently empty element which contains the name of the principal person(s) who prepared this version of the ranking factors information, in the 'displayValue' attribute. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|conservationStatusAuthors NatureServe Status Factors Authors List The name of the principal person(s) who prepared this version of the ranking factors information. Note: Field not edited for consistency of style or content. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|conservationStatusFactors|conservationStatusAuthors|@displayValue National Statuses Optional container holding conservation status information at the national level. /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses National Status Optional container holding conservation status information for one nation. /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus National Status Nation Name Attribute holding the name of the nation. E.g. 'Canada' /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|@nationName National Status Nation Code Attribute holding the standard code for the nation. E.g. 'CA' /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|@nationCode National Status Rank Container for the code representing the conservation status of a species from a national perspective.
Currently we do not have an algorithm for calculating the "description" for the national status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|rank National Status Rank Code
For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> E.g. 'N5B,N5N' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|rank|code Rounded National Status Rank Container for the 'rounded' code representing the conservation status of a species from a national perspective.
Currently we do not have an algorithm for calculating the description for the rounded national status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|roundedRank Rounded National Status Rank Code Code representing the rounded conservation status of a species from a national perspective.
For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|roundedRank|code National Status Last Reviewed
Format: YYYY-MM-DD

Example: 2005-12-16]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|statusLastReviewed Subnational Statuses Optional container holding conservation status information at the subnational level. US States and Canadian Provinces. Nested within appropriate nationalStatus. /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatus|subnationalStatuses Subnational Status Optional container holding conservation status information for one subnation. /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|subnationalStatuses|subnationalStatus Subnational Status Subnation Name Attribute holding the name of the subnation. E.g. 'Saskatchewan' /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|subnationalStatuses|subnationalStatus|@subnationName Subnational Status Subnation Code Attribute holding the standard code for the subnation. E.g. 'SK' /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|subnationalStatuses|subnationalStatus|@subnationCode Subnational Status Rank Container for the code representing the conservation status of a species from a subnational perspective.
Currently we do not have an algorithm for calculating the "description" for the subnational status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|subnationalStatuses|subnationalStatus|rank Subnational Status Rank Code U.S & Canada State/Province Status: The NatureServe conservation status, developed by NatureServe and our network of member programs, of a species from a state/province perspective, characterizing the relative imperilment of the species. Due to the dynamic nature of the data, occasional discrepancies between state/province and global conservation statuses may be temporarily unresolved. State/province status ranks are maintained locally; consult pertinent state/province natural heritage program or conservation data center for most current state/province status information.

For more information see Distribution Sources, and NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> E.g. 'S4B' /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|subnationalStatuses|subnationalStatus|rank|code Rounded Subnational Status Rank Container for the 'rounded' code representing the conservation status of a species from a subnational perspective.
Currently we do not have an algorithm for calculating the description for the rounded subnational status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|subnationalStatuses|subnationalStatus|roundedRank Rounded Subnational Status Rank Code Code representing the rounded conservation status of a species from a subnational perspective.
For more information see NatureServe Conservation Status.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|natureServeStatus|globalStatus|nationalStatuses|nationalStatus|subnationalStatuses|subnationalStatus|roundedRank|code Other Statuses Optional container for statuses assigned by organizations other than NatureServe. See the 'Other Status' element for full description of organizations concerned and the relevant fields available. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses Other Status
U.S. Endangered Species Act: Current status of the taxon as designated or proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) or the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, and as reported in the U.S. Federal Register in accordance with the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. For more information see U.S. ESA.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status: Abbreviations used to indicate the at-risk category assigned by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). For more information see COSEWIC.

IUCN Red List Category: Code for the Endangerment status according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Values include:
EX = extinct
EW = extinct in wild
CR = critically endangered
EN = endangered
VU = vulnerable
NT = near threatened
LC = least concern.
DD = data deficient
NE = not evaluated

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Protection Status: Value assigned to the species from the Protective Appendix according to the Convention on International Trade in Endangerment of Species (CITES).
Values include:
1 = Appendix I (species that are most endangered, threatened with extinction, and for which commercial international trade is generally prohibited)
2 = Appendix II (species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction at this time, but that may become threatened unless commercial international trade is controlled)
3 = Appendix III (species included by request of a country that regulates its trade, and for which cooperation of other countries is needed to prevent exploitation).

PLANNED BUT NOT YET IMPLEMENTED:

Species At Risk Act (SARA): Abbreviations used to indicate the at-risk category for species listed under the Canadian Species At Risk Act.

Canadian General Status: Abbreviations used to indicate the national "General Status" of species in Canada.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status Other Status Name Attribute indicating the type of status this 'status' element represents.
'USESA Status'
'COSEWIC Status'
'IUCN Conservation Status'
'CITES Protection Status' ]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status|@name Other Status Status Value Optional code for the status as applicable to the organization publishing this status.
E.g. 'NAR', for COSEWIC.

U.S. Endangered Species Act: Current status of the taxon as designated or proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) or the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, and as reported in the U.S. Federal Register in accordance with the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. For more information see U.S. ESA.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status: Abbreviations used to indicate the at-risk category assigned by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). For more information see COSEWIC.

IUCN Red List Category: Code for the Endangerment status according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Values include:
EX = extinct
EW = extinct in wild
CR = critically endangered
EN = endangered
VU = vulnerable
NT = near threatened
LC = least concern.
DD = data deficient
NE = not evaluated ]]>
/globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="COSEWIC Status"]|statusValue

/globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="IUCN Conservation Status"]|statusValue]]> Other Status Status Description Optional description for the status as applicable to the organization publishing this status.
E.g. 'Not at Risk', for COSEWIC.]]>
/globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="COSEWIC Status"]|statusDescription

/globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="IUCN Conservation Status"]|statusDescription

/globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="CITES Protection Status"]|statusDescription ]]> Other Status Implied Status Implied Status Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: The current status of the taxon under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (USESA) as interpreted by NatureServe. Interpreted status is determined from the taxonomic relationship of the species to a taxon having USESA status, or its relationship to geopolitical or administratively defined members of a taxon having USESA status.

Implied Status Under the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada: The current status of the taxon according to the at-risk categories developed by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) as interpreted by NatureServe.]]> Currently applies only to USESA and COSEWIC.
/globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="COSEWIC Status"]|impliedStatus]]> Other Status Status Date U.S. Federal Status Date: Date of publication of the United States Federal Status in the Federal Register. For more information see U.S. ESA.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status Date: The date the at-risk category was assigned, revised, or reaffirmed by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). For more information see COSEWIC.

Format: YYYY-MM-DD

Example: 2005-12-16]]> Currently only applies to USESA and COSEWIC.
/globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="COSEWIC Status"]|statusDate]]> Other Status Draft Status Optional container for the code and description for the Draft status of this species. Currently only applies to IUCN. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="IUCN Conservation Status"]|draftStatus Other Status Draft Status Code Optional code for the Draft status of this species.
IUCN Red List Category (Draft): The Draft Code for the Endangerment status according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Values include:
EX = extinct
EW = extinct in wild
CR = critically endangered
EN = endangered
VU = vulnerable
NT = near threatened
LC = least concern.
DD = data deficient
NE = not evaluated]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="IUCN Conservation Status"]|draftStatus|code Other Status Draft Status Description Description for the Draft status of this species. Currently only applies to IUCN. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="IUCN Conservation Status"]|draftStatus|description Other Status Lead Responsibility U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Lead Region: The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) code for the USFWS region with lead responsibility for the species.]]>
E.g. 'R3 - North Central']]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="USESA Status"]|leadResponsibility[@responsibleParty="US Fish and Wildlife Service"] Other Status Comments on Official Status U.S. ESA.]]> Currently applies only to USESA. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="USESA Status"]|statusComments Other Status Criteria Met IUCN Red List Criteria Met: The criteria met for species listed in one of the threatened categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) in the IUCN Red List.]]> Only applies to IUCN. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="IUCN Conservation Status"]|criteriaMet Other Status Rationale IUCN Red List Category Rationale:A short narrative explaining the population or range information used, inferences, assumptions, and other factors that influenced the decision to place the species in a particular Red List Category.]]> Only applies to IUCN. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="IUCN Conservation Status"]|rationale Other Status Assessors IUCN Red List Assessor(s): The scientists who provided input into the assessment for a particular species. These scientists do not necessarily endorse the final Red List Category assigned to the species.]]> Only applies to IUCN. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|otherStatuses|status[@name="IUCN Conservation Status"]|assessors General Global Status Comments Optional general comments on the global status of the species, not covered elsewhere. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|conservationStatus|generalGlobalStatusComments Distribution Optional container for the details of this species' distribution.
Nation - Country (i.e. political unit)
Watershed - US only.
County - US only.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution US and Canadian Distribution Completeness Attribute of distribution element which indicates whether data for U.S. states and Canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon
If this attribute is "false", national and subnational distribution data for U.S. states and Canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|@USAndCanadianDistributionComplete Conservation Status Map Optionally, the state and province distribution of a species in the United States and Canada presented in a map format and color coded according to the NatureServe subnational conservation status. Together these values provide national distribution data for the U.S. and Canada. Due to the dynamic nature of the data, occasional discrepancies between state/province and global conservation statuses may be temporarily unresolved. State/province status ranks are maintained locally; consult pertinent state/province natural heritage program or conservation data center for most current state/province status information. Gives the URL of the map, as accessible from NatureServe Explorer. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|conservationStatusMap Global Range Optional container holding details of the species global range. The "globalRange" element contains "code", "description" and "searchValue" elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|globalRange Global Range Code Optional code that best describes the estimated global range of the species.
Z = Zero occurrences believed to be extant

A = < 100 km2 (less than about 40 square miles)

B = 100-250 km2 (about 40-100 square miles)

C = 240-1,000 km2 (about 400-2,000 square miles)

D = 1,000-5,000 km2 (about 400-2,000 square miles)

E = 5,000-20,000 km2 (about 2,000-8,000 square miles)

F = 20,000-200,000 km2 (about 8,000-80,000 square miles)

G = 200,000-2,500,000 km2 (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)

H = > 2,500,000 km2 (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)

U = Unknown]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|globalRange|code Global Range Description Optional readable description of the estimated global range of the species. E.g. '>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|globalRange|description Global Range Search Value Optional 'search value' which can be used to find other species within the same global range classification. E.g. 'H' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|globalRange|searchValue Global Range Comments /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|globalRange|comments Endemism Optional container holding the code and description of species endemism. The "endemism" element contains both a "code" and a "description" element. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|endemism Endemism Code Optional code indicating the jurisdictional endemism of the species.
S = state|province endemic

N = national endemic

M = multinational distribution

Additionally for animals:

MSB = occurs in multiple nations, breeds in only one subnation

MNB = occurs in multiple nations, breeds in multiple state|provinces of only one nation

NSB = occurs in multiple subnations of only one nation, breeds in only one state|province]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|endemism|code Endemism Description Readable description of the jurisdictional endemism of the species. E.g. 'occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|endemism|description National Distributions (by political unit) Optional container for country distribution information. Contains 1 or more 'nation' elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations National Distribution National distribution for Canada and the United States. Note: Species level information is maintained for the United States and Canada but is complete for all vascular plants and only for approximately a dozen animal groups (all vertebrates other than marine fishes; crayfishes; freshwater mussels; freshwater and terrestrial snails; fairy, clam, and tadpole shrimps; butterflies and skippers; dragonflies and damselflies; tiger beetles; saturnid, sphingid, notodontid, underwing, and tiger moths; stoneflies; mayflies; caddisflies).

For more information see Distribution Sources

National Distribution Outside of U.S. & Canada: National distribution outside Canada and the United States. Data is often incomplete, especially for more widespread native species and for exotic species. Global Range Comments may provide additional information.

Distribution Status in Mexico and Central America: The distribution of species in Mexico and Central America, indicating countries where the element is preseumed native and extant, exotic or extirpated.]]> nationCode
nationName

It is possible for a Species to be both native and exotic in a nation or subnation.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation National Distribution Nation Name Attribute holding the name of the relevant nation. E.g. 'Canada' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|@nationName National Distribution Nation Code Attribute holding the standard code of the relevant nation. E.g. 'CA' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|@nationCode National Distributions Container for national distribution information. Contains 1 or more 'nationalDistribution' elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|nationalDistributions National Distribution Optional container for national distribution information. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|nationalDistributions|nationalDistribution National Origin The value that indicates the origin of a species in the nation. For instance, "Native" or "Exotic" /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|nationalDistributions|nationalDistribution|origin National Regularity The regularity of occurrence of the species in the nation. For instance, "Regularly occurring" or "Accidental/Nonregular" /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|nationalDistributions|nationalDistribution|regularity National Current Presence or Absence The current presence or absence of the species in the nation. For instance, "Present" or "Absent" or "Unknown/Undetermined". /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|nationalDistributions|nationalDistribution|currentPresenceAbsence National Distribution Confidence The confidence that the Element was ever (either currently or in the past) present in the nation. For instance, "Confident" or "Reported but doubtful" or "Never was there". /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|nationalDistributions|nationalDistribution|distributionConfidence National Population The value that indicates the type of residency that characterizes populations of the animal species in the nation. For instance, "Year-round", or "Breeding", or "Transient" . /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|nationalDistributions|nationalDistribution|population Subnations Optional container for distribution data at the subnational level. Consists of 1 or more subnation elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations Subnation U.S. & Canada State/Province Distribution: The state and province distribution of a species in the United States and Canada, indicating states and provinces where the species is presumed native, extirpated, or exotic. The local state/province natural heritage program or conservation data center may have the most current information for their state/province. Note: species level information is maintained for the United States and Canada and is complete for all plants and for the following animal groups (all vertebrates other than marine fishes; crayfishes; freshwater mussels; freshwater and terrestrial snails; fairy, clam, and tadpole shrimps; butterflies and skippers; dragonflies and damselflies; tiger beetles).]]> subnationCode
subnationName

It is possible for a Species to be both native and exotic in a subnation.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations|subnation Subnation Subnation Name Attribute holding the name of the relevant subnation. E.g. 'Nova Scotia' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations|subnation|@subnationName Subnation Subnation Code Attribute holding the standard code of the relevant subnation. E.g. 'NS' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations|subnation|@subnationCode Subnational Distributions Container for subnational distribution information. Contains a 'subnationalDistribution' element. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations|subnation|subnationalDistributions Subnational Distribution Optional container for subnational distribution information. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations|subnation|subnationalDistributions|subnationalDistribution Subnational Origin The value that indicates the origin of a species in a subnation. For instance, "Native" or "Exotic" /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations|subnation|subnationalDistributions|subnationalDistribution|origin Subnational Regularity The regularity of occurrence of the species in the subnation. For instance, "Regularly occurring" or "Accidental/Nonregular" /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations|subnation|subnationalDistributions|subnationalDistribution|regularity Subnational Current Presence or Absence The current presence or absence of the species in the subnation. For instance, "Present" or "Absent" or "Unknown/Undetermined". /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations|subnation|subnationalDistributions|subnationalDistribution|currentPresenceAbsence Subnational Distribution Confidence The confidence that the Element was ever (either currently or in the past) present in the subnation. For instance, "Confident" or "Reported but doubtful" or "Never was there". /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations|subnation|subnationalDistributions|subnationalDistribution|distributionConfidence Subnational Population The value that indicates the type of residency that characterizes populations of the animal species in the subnation. For instance, "Year-round", or "Breeding", or "Transient" . /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|distribution|nations|nation|subnations|subnation|subnationalDistributions|subnationalDistribution|population Watersheds Optional container which holds species distribution data as broken down by watershed. US HUC-8 watersheds only. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|watersheds Watershed List Contains species distribution data for 1 or more watersheds. US HUC-8 watersheds only. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|watersheds|watershedList Watershed Contains the species distribution details for a single watershed. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|watersheds|watershedList|watershed Watershed Type Attribute of watershed which indicates its 'type'. Currently hardcoded to 'HUC-8', as only US watershed information is available. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|watersheds|watershedList|watershed|@type Watershed Name
For more information on US Geological Survey Hydrologic Unit Maps see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc.html]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|watersheds|watershedList|watershed|watershedName Watershed Codes Placeholder container of watershedCode elements, for future expansion. Contains exactly 1 watershedCode element. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|watersheds|watershedList|watershed|watershedCodes Watershed Code
For more information on US Geological Survey Hydrologic Unit Maps see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc.html]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|watersheds|watershedList|watershed|watershedCodes|watershedCode Watershed Maximum Last Observed Year Optional latest year in which the species was observed to be extant in this area. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|watersheds|watershedList|watershed|maximumLastObservedYear Watershed Species Occurrence Count Optional number of species occurrences recorded for this watershed. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|watersheds|watershedList|watershed|speciesOccurrenceCount County Distribution Optional container which holds species distribution data as broken down by county within subnation within nation. Currently US counties only. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution County Occurrence Nations Container which holds a list of 'occurrence nations', each of which holds the county data for each country. Currently US counties only. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations County Occurrence Nation Represents one nation and contains the county data for that nation. Currently US counties only. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation County Occurrence Nation Code Attribute representing the standard code for the nation. Currently hardcoded to 'US'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|@code County Occurrence States Container which holds a list of 'occurrence states', each of which holds the county data for each subnation within the current occurrence nation. Currently US states only. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|occurrenceStates County Occurrence State Represents one subnation and contains the county data for that subnation. Currently US states only. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|occurrenceStates|occurrenceState County Occurrence State Code Attribute representing the standard code for the subnation. E.g. 'VA' for Virginia /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|occurrenceStates|occurrenceState|@code County Occurrence Counties Container which holds a list of 'occurrence states', each of which holds a record for each county where at least one occurrence has been reported. Currently US states only. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|occurrenceStates|occurrenceState|occurrenceCounties County Occurrence County Represents one county and contains the species occurrence information for that county. The simple presence of a county indicates that at least one occurrence has been reported at some time. Further information on the last observation year and the number of occurrences reported may be available. Currently US states only. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|occurrenceStates|occurrenceState|occurrenceCounties|occurrenceCounty County Occurrence County Name The name of the county in which the species is located and for which there is at least one occurrence tracked by a natural heritage program. Currently US counties only. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|occurrenceStates|occurrenceState|occurrenceCounties|occurrenceCounty|countyName County Occurrence County Code The code for the county. The "type" attribute indicates the type of code (e.g. "FIPS"). /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|occurrenceStates|occurrenceState|occurrenceCounties|occurrenceCounty|countyCode County Occurrence County Code Type Attribute representing the type of county code this 'countyCode' element represents.
FIPS Code: USGS-Standard code for the county in which the Species is located (for U.S. counties only). The FIPS code combines the County FIPS and State FIPS codes.

For more information on the FIPS code see http://www.itl.nist.gov/fipspubs/fip6-4.htm]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|occurrenceStates|occurrenceState|occurrenceCounties|occurrenceCounty|countyCode|@type County Maximum Last Observed Year Optional latest year in which the species was observed to be extant in this watershed. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|occurrenceStates|occurrenceState|occurrenceCounties|occurrenceCounty|maximumLastObservedYear County Species Occurrence Count Optional number of species occurrences recorded for this county. /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|distribution|countyDistribution|occurrenceNations|occurrenceNation|occurrenceStates|occurrenceState|occurrenceCounties|occurrenceCounty|speciesOccurrenceCount Economic Attributes Optional container for the economic aspects of this species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|economicAttributes Economically Important Genus If true, the species belongs to a genus with known economic use. Optional. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|economicAttributes|economicallyImportantGenus Commercial Importances Optional container holding values for the commercial importance of this species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|economicAttributes|comercialImportances Commercial Importance Value indicating the extent of commercial importance for the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|economicAttributes|comercialImportances|commercialImportance Economic Uses Optional list of categories that describe the economic uses of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|economicAttributes|economicUses Economic Uses A category that describes one economic use of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|economicAttributes|economicUses|economicUse Production Methods Optional list of methods by which the species is produced or harvested for economic use. For NatureServe Central web services this data is currently populated only for plants. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|economicAttributes|productionMethods Production Method A method by which the species is produced or harvested for economic use. For NatureServe Central web services this data is currently populated only for plants. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|economicAttributes|productionMethods|productionMethod Economic Comments Optional comments on the human or economic uses and the major economic impacts of the species. E.g. 'Eagle feathers are used for religious and cultural purposes by Native Americans.' /globalSpecieslist|globalSpecies|economicAttributes|economicComments Management Summary Optional container holding summary data on the management of this species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary Stewardship Overview Optional general stewardship summary of the management concerns for this species. Also, indicates whether the species is at risk, or whether it is a pest or weed. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|stewardshipOverview Species Impact Optional comments that describe the impacts of this species on other species, especially if this species is a pest, weed, or exotic. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|speciesImpact Restoration Potential Optional description of the potential for restoration or recovery of the species from a state of degradation. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|restorationPotential Preserve Selection and Design Considerations Optional description of the factors that should be considered when selecting and designing a preserve for an occurrence of this species. This includes landscape concerns, successional relations, bio-physical interactions, and management implications. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|preserveSelectionAndDesignConsiderations Management Requirements Optional description of the methods that are either in use, or might best be used, in monitoring this species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|managementRequirements Monitoring Requirements Optional description of currently recommended monitoring procedures and needs of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|monitoringRequirements Management Programs Optionally describes any known management programs; contact information may be provided where known. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|managementPrograms Monitoring Programs Optional description of any known monitoring programs; contact information may be provided where known. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|monitoringPrograms Management Research Programs Optional description of any known management research programs for this species. Specifies questions being studied, methods used, and key contacts. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|managementResearchPrograms Management Research Needs Optional description of current management research needs for this species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|managementResearchNeeds Biological Research Needs Biological research that needs to be conducted in order to better determine the management needs for a species. Optional. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|biologicalResearchNeeds Additional Topics Optional additional topics related to the ecological management of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|additionalTopics Management Summary Edition Date
Format: YYYY-MM-DD

Example: 2005-12-16]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|editionDate Management Summary Authors Currently empty element intended to contain the name(s) of the principal person(s) who prepared this edition of the management information. The 'displayValue' attribute should contain a string of all the authors, formatted for display. For NatureServe Central web services this attribute will be populated directly from the corresponding Biotics field. Individual "author" elements will be used once a parsing algorithm is developed for the Biotics field, or if data is coming from another system where the author data is normalized. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|managementSummaryAuthors Management Summary Authors (in displayValue) Attribute holding the name(s) of the principal person(s) who prepared this edition of the management information, formatted for display. For NatureServe Central web services this attribute will be populated directly from the corresponding Biotics field. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|managementSummaryAuthors Management Summary Acknowledgements Optionally holds a list of the people, agencies, institutions, etc. that contributed to the current version of this species management information. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|managementSummary|acknowledgements Ecology and Life History Optional container holding information on the ecology and life history of this species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory Ecology and Life History Descriptions Optional container holding general descriptive text on the ecology and life history of this species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|ecologyAndLifeHistoryDescription Short General Description
For more information see Classification of Plants.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|ecologyAndLifeHistoryDescription|shortGeneralDescription General Description /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|ecologyAndLifeHistoryDescription|generalDescription Diagnostic Characteristics Features that distinguish this species from other similar species. Optional. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|diagnosticCharacteristics Durations Optional container of the length(s) of time an individual plant persists (e.g. annual, biennial, perennial). /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|durations Duration The length of time an individual plant persists (e.g. annual, biennial, perennial). /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|durations|duration Reproduction Comments Optional comments on the reproduction of the species from a global perspective. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|reproductionComments Known Pests Optionally, scientific names of other species (especially non-natives) where a clear detrimental impact on this species is documented. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|knownPests Ecology Comments /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|ecologyComments Habitat Type Optionally contains a description and possibly also a code for the habitat within which the species is primarily found range-wide. The "habitType" element contains "description" and (optionally) code elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitatType Habitat Type Code Optional value that indicates the habitat within which the species is primarily found range-wide.
M = Marine

F = Freshwater

T = Terrestrial]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitatType|code Habitat Type Description Description of the habitat within which the species is primarily found range-wide. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitatType|description Migration Optional container for any migration information related to this species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|migration Non-migrant Optionally indicates some populations do not make significant seasonal migrations. Juvenile dispersal is not considered a migration. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|migration|nonMigrant Locally Migrant Optionally indicates some populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites). /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|migration|locallyMigrant Long Distance Migrant Optionally indicates some populations make annual migrations of over 200 km /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|migration|longDistanceMigrant Mobility and Migration Comments Mobility Comments: Comments on the migration|mobility of the species, especially between nations. Specifically, on the dispersive vs. sedentary nature of the taxon, the mechanism of dispersal (e.g., passive via wind, water), flight capabilities, and variability in movement.

Migration Comments: Comments on seasonality, direction, distances, major routes, sociality/dispersion, daily timing and variability of species movements/migration patterns over some distance.]]> E.g. 'Most eagles that breed in Canada and the northern U.S. move south for winter[...]' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|migration|mobilityAndMigrationComments Habitats Optional container for data on habitat(s) where the species is found. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats Marine Habitats Optional list of marine habitat(s) where the species is found. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|marineHabitats Marine Habitat Marine habitat(s) where the species is found. Values include: pelagic, abyssal, near shore, and aerial. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|marineHabitats|habitat Estuarine Habitats Optional list of estuarine habitat(s) where the species is found. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|estuarineHabitats Estuarine Habitat Estuarine habitat where the species is found. Values include: bay/sound, river mouth/tidal river, lagoon, tidal flat/shore, herbaceous wetland, scrub-shrub wetland, forested wetland. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|estuarineHabitats|habitat Riverine Habitats Optional list of riverine habitat(s) where the species is found. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|riverineHabitats Riverine Habitat Riverine habitat where the species is found. Values include: big river, medium river, creek, spring/brook, high gradient, moderate gradient, low gradient, riffle, pool. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|riverineHabitats|habitat Lacustrine Habitats Optional list of lacustrine habitat(s) that contribute significantly to the survival and/or reproduction of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|lacustrineHabitats Lacustrine Habitat Lacustrine habitat that contributes significantly to the survival and/or reproduction of the species. Values include: deep water, shallow water, aerial. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|lacustrineHabitats|habitat Palustrine Habitats Optional list of palustrine habitat(s) that contribute significantly to the survival and/or reproduction of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|palustrineHabitats Palustrine Habitat Palustrine habitat that contributes significantly to the survival and/or reproduction of the species. Values include: temporary pool, herbaceous wetland, scrub-shrub wetland, forested wetland, bog/fen, riparian, aerial. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|palustrineHabitats|habitat Terrestrial Habitats Optional list of terrestrial habitat(s) where the species is found. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|terrestrialHabitats Terrestrial Habitat Terrestrial habitat where the species is found. Values include: hardwood, conifer, and mixed forests and woodlands; forest edge; shrubland/chaparral, savanna, grassland/herbaceous, old field, desert, alpine, tundra, ice, playa/salt flat, sand/dune, bare rock/talus/scree, cliff, barrens, cropland/hedgerow, suburban/orchard, urban/edificarian, aerial. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|terrestrialHabitats|habitat Subterranean Habitats Optional list of subterranean habitat(s) where the species is found. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|subterraneanHabitats Subterranean Habitat Subterranean habitat where the species is found. Values include: subterrestrial, subaquatic. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|subterraneanHabitats|habitat Special Habitat Factors Optional list of any special habitat factors that contribute significantly to the survival or reproduction of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|specialHabitatFactors Special Habitat Factor A special habitat factor that contributes significantly to the survival or reproduction of the species. Values include: standing snag/hollow tree, fallen log/debris, burrowing in or using soil, benthic, subterranean obligate. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|specialHabitatFactors|specialHabitatFactor Habitat Comments Optional summary of the habitats and microhabitats commonly used, including any daily, seasonal, and geographic variation in habitat use. E.g. 'Breeding habitat most commonly includes areas close to (within 4km) coastal areas, bays[...]' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|habitats|habitatComments Food Habits Optional container holding data on the food habits of this species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|foodHabits Adult Food Habits Optional list of trophic types which characterize the food habits of the adult form of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|foodHabits|adultFoodHabits Adult Food Habit Trophic type which characterizes the food habits of the adult form of the species. Values include: carnivore, piscivore, invertivore, herbivore, granivore, frugivore, nectarivore, detritivore, scavenger, coprophagous, parasitic, nonfeeding, unknown. The trophic type should constitute 90% of the species' seasonal diet for any season of the year. Carrion is included in each of the animal-type food categories. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|foodHabits|adultFoodHabits|adultFoodHabit Immature Food Habits Optional list of trophic types which characterize the food habits of the immature form of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|foodHabits|immatureFoodHabits Immature Food Habit Trophic type which characterizes the food habits of the immature form of the species. Values include: carnivore, piscivore, invertivore, herbivore, granivore, frugivore, nectarivore, detritivore, scavenger, coprophagous, parasitic, nonfeeding, unknown. The trophic type should constitute 90% of the species' seasonal diet for any season of the year. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|foodHabits|immatureFoodHabits|immatureFoodHabit Food Comments E.g. 'Feeds opportunistically on fishes, injured waterfowl and seabirds,[...]' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|foodHabits|foodComments Phenologies Optional container of phenology types for this species. /globalSpeciesList|ecologyAndLifeHistory|phenologies Adult Phenologies Optional list of phenology types of the animal during its adult stage. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|phenologies|adultPhenologies Adult Phenology A phenology type of the animal during its adult stage. Values include: hibernates/aestivates, circadian, diurnal, nocturnal, crepuscular. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|phenologies|adultPhenologies|phenology Immature Phenologies Optional list of phenology types of the species during its immature stage. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|phenologies|immaturePhenologies Immature Phenology A phenology type of the species during its immature stage. Values include: hibernates/aestivates, circadian, diurnal, nocturnal, crepuscular. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|phenologies|immaturePhenologies|phenology Phenology Comments Comments on the seasonal or daily activity of the species and any geographic variation in these attributes. E.g. 'In the Columbia River estuary, foraging activity was most common at low tide and first daylight[...]' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|phenologies|phenologyComments Colonial Breeder Optionally indicates that the breeding season dispersion of the species is greatly aggregated compared to the nonbreeding season dispersion within the specified geographic level (i.e., range-wide for global, within-nation for national, or within-state or province for subnational). Note that this does not include species that live in colonies throughout the year. true/false /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|colonialBreeder Length For animals only: Approximate typical total length of an adult, in centimeters. Carapace length used for turtles and snout to vent length for anurans (frogs and toads). The 'units' attribute is currently always 'cm'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|length Unit of Length Attribute of Length which specifies the units used. Currently hardcoded to 'cm'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|length|@units Weight Approximate weight of an adult in grams. The 'units' attibute is currently always "grams". /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|weight Unit of Weight Attribute of Weight which specifies the units used. Currently hardcoded to 'grams'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|weight|@units Ecology and Life History Edition Date
Format: YYYY-MM-DD

Example: 2005-12-16]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|ecologyAndLifeHistoryEditionDate Ecology And Life History Authors Currently empty element intended as a container for primary author(s) of the edition of the life history text. Note: Usually not recorded except when substantial data developed. The "displayValue" attribute contains a string of all the authors, formatted for display. For NatureServe Central web services this attribute will be populated directly from the corresponding Biotics field. Individual "author" elements will be used once a parsing algorithm is developed for the Biotics field, or if data is coming from another system where the author data is normalized. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|ecologyAndLifeHistoryAuthors Ecology And Life History Authors (in displayValue) Attribute holding the primary author(s) of the edition of the life history text, formatted for display. Note: Usually not recorded except when substantial data developed. For NatureServe Central web services this attribute will be populated directly from the corresponding Biotics field. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|ecologyAndLifeHistory|ecologyAndLifeHistoryAuthors|@displayValue Population Occurrence Optional container for details relating to population occurrence and delineation. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence Delineations Contains a list of delineations of populations. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations Delineation Holds delineation information for a population. The optional 'migratoryUseType' and 'groupName' attributes give more information on this delineation. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation Migratory Use Type Migratory use types are assigned to migratory animal species that utilize geographically and seasonally disjunct locations, and are used to indicate which season or behavior is associated with a particular area in order to ensure that all of the different locations utilized by such a species throughout its life cycle are identified and considered for conservation attention. Because the criteria for what constitutes a valid occurrence and appropriate distances for separating occurrences will typically vary depending on the season of use for occurrences of such animals, a set of occurrence specifications is developed for each migratory use type. Attribute of 'delineation' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|@migratoryUseType Group Name If applicable, the name of the group to which the species belongs when group rather than individual criteria are used for the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|@groupName Subtypes List of any widely used labels describing typical occurrences of the species (e.g., nest, den, old growth). /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|subTypes Subtype A labels describing typical occurrences of the species (e.g., nest, den, old growth). E.g. 'Foraging area' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|subTypes|subType Minimum Criteria for an Occurrence For species, the minimum criteria that define precisely what constitutes a valid occurrence, derived from the known biology, ecology, phenology, and/or reproductive behaviors of the species. The minimum occurrence criteria for many species typically specify a single persisting, recurring, or potentially persisting or recurring individual. For some species, the minimum criteria might include a minimum required size (population and/or area) and essential characteristics of the environment that sustain or contribute to that species' survival and/or recurrence (e.g., for migratory species). E.g. 'Evidence of historical breeding, or current and likely recurring breeding[...]' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|minimumCriteriaForOccurrence Mapping Guidance Specific information on how to map occurrences of the species. E.g. 'If feeding grounds are separated from nest site(s) by unsuitable habitat, they should be mapped as a separate polygon within the same occurrence.' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|mappingGuidance Separation Optional container for separation criteria for occurrences of the species. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|separation Separation Barriers Examples of typical barriers that would separate occurrences of the species, regardless of the actual distance between them. Barriers almost completely prevent movement or dispersal of the species, thereby obstructing or severely limiting gene flow. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|separation|barriers Separation Distance for Unsuitable Habitat Distance (in kilometers) of intervening unsuitable habitat that is great enough to effectively separate occurrences by restricting movement or dispersal of individuals between them. In most cases, unsuitable habitat is habitat through which individuals may move, but that does not support reproduction or long-term survival. For most species, the recommended minimum separation distance for intervening unsuitable habitat is >1 km. This is to ensure that occurrences are not separated by unreasonably small distances, which would lead to the identification of unnecessarily fragmented populations as potential targets for conservation planning or action. The 'units' attribute is always 'kilometers'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|separation|distanceForUnsuitableHabitat Unit of Separation Distance for Unsuitable Habitat Attribute indicating the units used in the 'Separation Distance for Unsuitable Habitat'. Currently hardcoded to 'kilometers'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|separation|distanceForUnsuitableHabitat|@units Separation Distance for Suitable Habitat Distance (in kilometers) of intervening suitable habitat not known to be occupied that is great enough to effectively separate occurrences by limiting movement or dispersal of individuals between them. Suitable habitat is habitat capable of supporting reproduction or used regularly for feeding or other essential life history functions; a habitat in which you would expect to find the species (assuming appropriate season and conditions). For most animal species, the recommended minimum separation distance for intervening suitable habitat is >2 km. This is to ensure that occurrences are not separated by unreasonably small distances, which would lead to the identification of unnecessarily fragmented populations as potential targets for conservation planning or action. The 'units' attribute is always 'kilometers'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|separation|distanceForSuitableHabitat Unit of Separation Distance for Suitable Habitat Attribute indicating the units used in the 'Separation Distance for Suitable Habitat'. Currently hardcoded to 'kilometers'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|separation|distanceForSuitableHabitat|@units Alternate Separation Procedure Description of the procedure to be used to separate occurrences in cases when separation distances cannot be specified. E.g. 'Where an occurrence is at least twice the size of a minimum A-ranked occurrence, it may be divided into two or more A-ranked occurrences[...]' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|separation|alternateSeprationProcedure Separation Justification Basis for the separation distances designated (e.g., home range, dispersal distance, spatial patterns of occurrence, temporal patterns of occurrence), including citations if available. E.g. 'Distance somewhat arbitrary. Defended territories relatively small;[...]' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|separation|separationJustification Inferred Minimum Extent of Habitat Use (when actual extent is unknown) Optional container for inferred extent information, when actual extent is unknown. See included fields for more information. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|inferredMinimumExtentOfHabitatUse Inferred Minimum Extent of Habitat Use Distance For certain animals, the distance (in kilometers) that the underlying mapped component(s) of an occurrence may be buffered in order to create a separate inferred extent feature that might better represent the area likely utilized by the species at that location, which may be useful for conservation planning purposes. The inferred extent distance is essentially an approximate spatial requirement for certain species, typically based on the average home range or movement patterns of adults. The 'units' attribute is always 'kilometers'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|inferredMinimumExtentOfHabitatUse|distance Unit of Inferred Minimum Extent of Habitat Use Distance Attribute indicating the units used in the 'Inferred Minimum Extent of Habitat Use Distance' Currently hardcoded to 'kilometers'. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|inferredMinimumExtentOfHabitatUse|distance|@units Inferred Minimum Extent Justification Notes related to the inferred extent distance specified for some animals. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|inferredMinimumExtentOfHabitatUse|inferredExtentJustification Population/Occurrence Delineation Version Date
Format: YYYY-MM-DD

Example: 2005-12-16]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|versionDate Delineation Authors Currently empty element intended as a container for the names of the persons principally responsible for preparing this version of the occurrence specifications. The "displayValue" attribute should contain a string of all the authors, formatted for display. For NatureServe Central web services this attribute will be populated directly from the corresponding Biotics field. Individual "author" elements will be used once a parsing algorithm is developed for the Biotics field, or if data is coming from another system where the author data is normalized. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|delineationAuthors Delineation Authors (in displayValue) Attribute holding the names of the persons principally responsible for preparing this version of the occurrence specifications, formatted for display. For NatureServe Central web services this attribute will be populated directly from the corresponding Biotics field. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|delineationAuthors|@displayValue Delineation Notes Notes related to the current version of these occurrence delineation specifications. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|delineations|delineation|notes Viabilities Optional container of 'vialibity' elements, which hold descriptions of factors that delineate the various levels of viability. /globalSpeciesLlist|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities Viability Criteria Contains one set of viability criteria. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities|viability Group Name If applicable, the name of the group to which the species belongs when group rather than individual criteria are used for the species. Attribute of 'viability' /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities|viability|@groupName Excellent Viability Criteria
For more information see Population Viability.]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities|viability|excellentViabilityCriteria Good Viability Criteria Optional description of what qualifies as an occurrence with good viability, taking into consideration all available knowledge, both historical and current, of the species at a particular location. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities|viability|goodViabilityCriteria Fair Viability Criteria Optional description of what qualifies as an occurrence with fair viability, taking into consideration all available knowledge, both historical and current, of the species at a particular location. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities|viability|fairViabilityCriteria Poor Viability Criteria Optional description of what qualifies as an occurrence with poor viability, taking into consideration all available knowledge, both historical and current, of the species at a particular location. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities|viability|poorViabilityCriteria Viability Criteria Justification Optional basis for the criteria used as a basis for designating occurrence viability as excellent, good, fair, or poor, including citations if available. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities|viability|viabilityJustification Viability Criteria Version Date
Format: YYYY-MM-DD

Example: 2005-12-16]]> /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities|viability|versionDate Viability Criteria Author Optional name of the person principally responsible for preparing this version of the population/occurrence viability criteria. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities|viability|author Viability Criteria Notes Optional notes related to the current version of these population/occurrence viability criteria. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|populationOccurrence|viabilities|viability|notes References Optional list of citations of primary sources for information contained within NatureServe's Central Databases. Contains one or more 'citation' elements. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|references Reference Citation Citation of one primary source for information contained within NatureServe's Central Databases. /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|references|citation License Data use license statement. "All usage of this data must abide by NatureServes data usage license which can be found at: http://services.natureserve.org/idd/developer/license.jsp." /globalSpeciesList|globalSpecies|license